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Appendix: Overall P-16 Recommendations from the Research


The following appendix highlights some overall impressions, recommendations and questions from the research reports that have been reviewed for this project.

  • Identify needs and articulate a vision. The task is to articulate a vision for and about the state's citizens, not about the education enterprise. The challenge is to identify conditions that must be changed to benefit the citizens and society as a whole.
  • Build a consensus around the need to realize the vision. Policy leadership is about creating consensus, not finding it. It is about defining and giving voice to issues and then taking steps to ensure that others come to understand and appreciate the problem - although not necessarily the solution - in a similar way.
  • Stay "on message" and maintain the focus. Issues of strategic importance to a state and its citizens seldom are resolved quickly. Progress requires concerted action over extended periods of time. The responsibility of policy leaders is to maintain focus on the agenda, ensure progress is monitored and reported, and encourage mid-course corrections in the application of implementation tools.
  • Align the implementation tools. The obligation is to ensure that the tools available (funding, regulation, delegation of decisionmaking authority and accountability mechanisms) are wielded in ways that are mutually reinforcing and oriented toward achieving the desired ends. Too often, states and competing leadership groups take up parts of the agenda, but cannot sustain the momentum.
Chris Pipho (2001). State Policy Options to Support a P-16 System. ECS, Denver, CO.

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